In July 1943, Hitler launched Operation Zitadelle, the last German offensive on the Eastern Front. It was an attempt to shorten the German lines by eliminating the Kursk salient and was designed to result in the encirclement of the Red Army. In reality, the German tanks came up against impenetrable Russian defences: minefields, artillery and anti-tank emplacements, spread through lines 250km deep and manned by Russian troops whose actions often verged on the suicidal. The greatest tank battle in history, Operation Zitadelle assured the Nazis' defeat and was 'the swan song of the German tank arm'.Involving over 9,000 tanks, 5,000 aircraft, 35,000 guns and mortars, 2.7 million troops and 230,000 casualties, the Battle of Kursk's scale and barbarity eclipsed all other clashes in Europe. In this book, historian Mark Healy gives a clear, concise account of those dramatic days in 1943.

MARK HEALY is the author of several books including Midway 1942, The Tiger Tank Story and The Ancient Assyrians, and produced the best-selling video series Die Deutschen Panzer. He wrote the best-selling Zitadelle: The German Offensive against the Kursk Salient 1417 July 1943. He lives in Dorset.