Lightness, efficiency, durability and economic as well as ecological viability are key attributes required from materials today. In the transport industry, the performance needs are felt exceptionally strongly. This handbook and ready reference covers the use of structural materials throughout this industry, particularly for the road, air and rail sectors. A strong focus is placed on the latest developments in materials engineering. The authors present new insights and trends, providing firsthand information from the perspective of universities, Fraunhofer and independent research institutes, aerospace and automotive companies and suppliers.

Arranged into parts to aid the readers in finding the information relevant to their needs:

* Metals
* Polymers
* Composites
* Cellular Materials
* Modeling and Simulation
* Higher Level Trends

Matthias Busse holds the chair for near net shape manufacturing technology at the University of Bremen, Germany, at the faculty of production engineering. In 2003 he became director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Applied Materials Research (Fraunhofer IFAM). After his PhD he started his career at Volkswagen where he was promoted to head of production research in 2001. He represents the University of Bremen's newly founded Scientific Centre ISIS as speaker of the board of directors.

Axel S. Herrmann has taken over the post of director at the Faserinstitut Bremen (FIBRE) e.V. in 2001. After his PhD he became head of the composite structures demonstration centre at DFVLR (now DLR) and was was responsible for the affiliated department of fibre-reinforced composite technologies until he moved to Bremen. Axel S. Hermann has taken a leading role in establishing the CFK Valley Network of Excellence in Stade, Germany. In addition he is general manager of the Composite Technology Centre (CTC) GmbH Stade.

Kambiz Kayvantash holds the Chair for Automotive Technology at Cranfield University, UK, and is currently Head of the Centre for Automotive Technology and Director of the Cranfield Impact Centre that contributes to the aeronautic and motor sport industry. He has more than 25 years professional and consulting experience in automotive safety, materials modeling and software applications. Kambiz Kayvantash is the Chairman of the Simbio-M conference, dedicated to biomechanics, biomaterial, biomedicine and biomolecular research.

Dirk Lehmhus received his mechanical engineering diploma based on studies dedicated to galvanic corrosion of magnesium alloys at Volkswagen's central laboratory. He joined Fraunhofer IFAM in 1998 and obtained a PhD in production technology at the University of Bremen for studies on optimization of aluminium foam production processes and properties. In May 2009, he changed to the University of Bremen as managing director of the ISIS dedicated to the development of sensor materials and sensor-equipped structures.

PREFACE

PART I: Metals

STEEL AND IRON BASED ALLOYS
Introduction
Sheet Steels
Forging Steels
Casting Steel

ALUMINUM AND ALUMINUM ALLOYS
Introduction
Wrought Alloys and Associated Processes
Casting Alloys and Associated Processes
Secondary Processes
Case Studies
Summary and Outlook
Further Reading

MAGNESIUM AND MAGNESIUM ALLOYS
Introduction
Wrought Alloys and Associated Processes
Cast Alloys and Associated Processes
Other Aspects
Case Studies
Summary and Outlook
Further Reading

TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS
Introduction
Fundamental Aspects
Applications in Automobiles, Aerospace, and ShipBuilding
Future Trends
Further Reading

PART II: Polymers

THERMOPLASTICS
Introduction
Fundamentals and Recent Advancements in Thermoplastics
Processing and Evolution of Structure?Basics and Recent Developments
Properties
Summary

THERMOSETS
Introduction
Advanced Thermosets and Associated Processes
Thermosets for Coatings and Adhesives
Case Studies?Thermoset Composites
Summary and Outlook

ELASTOMERS
Introduction
Classification of Elastomers
Natural Rubber
Synthetic Rubbers
Thermoplastic Elastomers
Fluorine-Containing TPEs
Bio-Based TPEs
Conclusions

PART III: Composites

POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES
Introduction
Further Reading

METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES
Introduction
Relevant MMC Systems
Case Studies
Summary and Outlook
Further Reading

POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES
Introduction
Fiber-Reinforced Nanocomposites
Sandwich Structures
High-Temperature Fiber-Reinforced Nanocomposites
Age and Durability Performance
Concluding Remarks

PART IV: Cellular Materials

POLYMERIC FOAMS
Introduction
Blowing Agents for Polymer Foams
Thermoplastic Foams: Conventional Processing Technologies
Thermoplastic Foams: New Trends, Materials and Technologies
Thermosets Foams: Conventional Processing Technologies
Thermosets Foams: New Trends, Materials and Technologies
Nanocomposite Foams
Case Studies
Summary and Outlook
Further Reading

METAL FOAMS
Introduction
Foams Produced by Means of Melt Technologies
Foams Produced by Means of Powder Metallurgy (P/M)
Porous Structures for Structural Applications Produced from Wires and Other Half-Finished Parts
Case Studies
Summary and Outlook
Further Reading

PART V: Modeling and Simulation

ADVANCED SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR COMPOSITES
Introduction
Multiphysics Homogenization Analysis
Probabilistic Homogenization Approaches
Optimization
Summary and Conclusions

AN ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE-BASED APPROACH FOR GENERALIZED MATERIAL MODELING
Introduction
Strain Measures
Stress Measures
Example

AB INITIO GUIDED DESIGN OF MATERIALS
Introduction
Top-Down and Bottom-Up Multiscale Modeling Strategies
Ab Initio Based Multiscale Modeling of Materials
Modeling of Ultralightweight Mg?Li Alloys
Ternary bcc MgLi?X Alloys
Summary and Outlook
Further Reading

PART VI: Higher Level Trends

HYBRID DESIGN APPROACHES
Introduction
Motivation
From Monomaterial to Hybrid Multi-Material Design Approach in the Automotive Sector
ULSAB AVC Project/FSV Future Steel Vehicle Project
S-in Motion ? Steel BiW Project
Multi-Material Hybrid Design Approach
Optimum Multi-Material Solutions: The Reason for Hybrid Design Approach
SuperLIGHT-Car Project
Hybrid Solutions: Overview of Current Automotive Production
Trends in Automotive Materials and Structural Design
Hybrid Solutions in Aircraft, Rail, and Ship Market
General Aspects on Joining Technologies for Multi-Material Mix
Conclusion

SENSORIAL MATERIALS
Introduction
Components
Case Study
Further Reading

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING APPROACHES
Introduction
Metal Materials
Nonmetal Materials
Secondary Processes
Case Studies
Summary and Outlook
Further Reading

INDEX