Identity is a construct strongly rooted and still predominantly studied in Western (or WEIRD; Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) contexts (e.g., North American and Western European). Only recently has there been more of a conscious effort to study identity in non-Western (or non-WEIRD) contexts. This edited volume investigates identity from primarily a non-Western perspective by studying non-Western contexts and non-Western, minority, or immigrant groups living in Western contexts. The contributions (a) examine different aspects of identity (e.g., personal identity, socialidentity, online identity) as either independent or interrelated constructs; (b) consider the associations of these constructs with aspects of intergroup relations, acculturative processes, and/or psychological well-being; (c) document the advancement in research on identity in underrepresented groups, contexts, and regions such as Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and South America; and (d) evaluate different approaches to the study of identity and the implications thereof. This book is intended for cultural or cross-cultural academics, practitioners, educators, social workers, postgraduate students, undergraduate students, and scholars interested in studying identity. It provides insight into how identity in non-Western groups and contexts may both be informed by and may inform Western theoretical perspectives.

Byron G. Adams is currently an Assistant Professor of Work and Organizational Psychology at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands and a Senior Research Associate at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa. During the production of this book, he also held an Assistant Professorship at Tilburg University in the Netherlands and a Visiting Professorship at Ghent University in Belgium. His general research focuses on themes of identity as a broad construct and its relation with acculturation, inclusion, diversity, and psychosocial functioning across cultures, within different life domains and lifespans. He currently serves on the Governing Council for the Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood (SSEA) and is a board member of the committee Cultural Diversity (NIP).

Fons (A) J. R. van de Vijver (19522019) held the chair in cross-cultural psychology atTilburg University in the Netherlands and extraordinary chairs at North-West University in South Africa, the University of Queensland in Australia, and the Higher School of Economics in Russia. He (co-)authored more than 500 publications, mainly in the domain of cross-cultural psychology. The main topics in his research involve bias and equivalence, psychological acculturation and multiculturalism, cognitive similarities and differences, response styles, translations, and adaptations. He was the former editor of theJournal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, the former president of Division 2 (Assessment and Evaluation) of the International Association of Applied Psychology, the European Association of Psychological Assessment, and the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. In 2013, he was the recipient of the International Award of the American Psychological Association (for his contributions to international cooperation and the advancement of knowledge of psychology)

Introduction.- Part 1: Identity in Underrepresented World Regions and Contexts.- Identity in Sub-Saharan Africa.- Identity Development in East Asia.- My Social, Political, and Hybrid Self: Identity in Central and South America.- Caribbean SHIFT: A Theory of Cultural Identity for Caribbean People and Diaspora.- National and Ethnoreligious Identities in Multicultural Mauritius: Group Positions and Belonging.- Identities in the South Caucasus: Still Salient and Contested.- Multiple Social Identities in the Post-Soviet Context.- Part 2: Identity of Specific Non-Western group.- Roma Ethnic Identity: Who Is and Who Is Not Roma? Between Self-Defined and External Ethnic Identification.- Being a Muslim in the Western World: A Social Identity Perspective.- Falling Outside Identity: The Creation and Boundaries of Turkish National Identity and Its Consequences for Minorities.- Cathedrals of the Spirit: Indigenous Relational Cultural Identity and Social and Emotional Well-Being.- Part 3: Identity Perspectives Important for Non-Western Context.- Perspectives on Personal Identity Development in Western and Non-Western Contexts.- From the Self to the Selfie.- Variations in Sources of Self-Affirmation: What Can Be Learned From Non-Western Contexts.- Conceptualizing Work Identity in Non-Western Contexts.- Index.